A semitone or half-step is the smallest distance between musical notes, and it can be a sharp (#) or a flat (b). Some examples:
| From | To | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| C | C# | 1 semitone |
| D | Eb | 1 semitone |
| E | F | 1 semitone |
| F# | G | 1 semitone |
| G | Ab | 1 semitone |
| B | C | 1 semitone |
In string instruments like the guitar, bass, ukulele, banjo, and mandolin, each fret on the instrument's neck represents a semitone.
A whole tone is the sum of two semitones, a distance of two sharps (#) or two flats (b). Some examples:
| From | To | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| C | D | 1 whole tone |
| D | E | 1 whole tone |
| E | F# | 1 whole tone |
| F# | G# | 1 whole tone |
| G | A | 1 whole tone |
| B | C# | 1 whole tone |
Understanding the relationship between semitones and whole tones is crucial for music theory. Some examples:
| Semitones | Whole Tones |
|---|---|
| 2 semitones | 1 whole tone |
| 3 semitones | 1 and a half whole tones |
| 4 semitones | 2 whole tones |
| 5 semitones | 2 and a half whole tones |
| 6 semitones | 3 whole tones |
| 7 semitones | 3 and a half whole tones |