Musical Chord
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Harmonic Field
The harmonic field is a set of chords formed from a given scale. Each chord in the harmonic field will be formed from a note of the scale. These chords will follow the rules of chord formation, which can be triads or tetrads.
Each chord in the harmonic field will be represented by what we call a degree.
Just as the notes of the scale have melodic functions, the chords of the harmonic field have what we call harmonic functions. Understanding the harmonic field will help you play "by ear."
Formation of the Harmonic Field
To form a harmonic field, it is necessary to follow some steps:
- Choose the Scale: First, choose the scale that will serve as the base.
- Construct the Chords: Next, construct a triad or tetrad chord on each degree of the scale. These chords are formed by stacking thirds on each note of the scale.
- Identify the Chords: Each chord is identified and classified. In the case of major scales, the sequence of chords is: major, minor, minor, major, major, minor, and diminished. For minor scales, the sequence is different due to the alteration of the characteristic notes of the scale.
As an example, let's show the harmonic fields in triads and tetrads based on the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, B):
Triad
| Degree | Chord |
|---|---|
| I | C |
| II | Dm |
| III | Em |
| IV | F |
| V | G |
| VI | Am |
| VII | B° |
Tetrad
| Degree | Chord |
|---|---|
| I | C7M |
| II | Dm7 |
| III | Em7 |
| IV | F7M |
| V | G7 |
| VI | Am7 |
| VII | Bm7(b5) or BØ |
Notice that what changed in the harmonic field formed by tetrads was that we added the 7 (b7 or 7). This even caused the VII degree to change to half-diminished (b7) instead of diminished (bb7).
Different Harmonic Fields
Besides major and natural minor scales, other modes and scales, such as the harmonic minor, melodic minor, Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, among others, also generate their own unique harmonic fields. Understanding these varied harmonic fields allows for a broader and more creative exploration of musical harmony. In our app, we have a tool where you can consult all these other harmonic fields along with their chord dictionary.
Harmonic Functions
In the harmonic field, chords generate certain sensations/expectations, representing moments of stability, movement, and instability.
Tonic T
It is the stable or conclusive function and serves as the final chord of the music, rest/resolution for the ear.
Subdominant S
It is the intermediate (stable/unstable) function that "moves" the music. It can mean a half-rest, without conclusion, or a weak preparation.
Dominant D
It is the unstable or preparatory function, creating an expectation of resolution to the tonic.
Functions of Each Degree in the Harmonic Field
Each degree of the harmonic field exerts a function within the progression.
| Function | Strong | Medium-strong | Weak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic T | I | III, VI | |
| Subdominant S | IV | II | |
| Dominant D | V | VII |
An interesting point about the major harmonic field is that it has three major chords and three minor chords, which are relatives of the major chords.
If we analyze the notes of each of these chords, we will see that those with the same function will always have many notes in common.
Conclusion
The harmonic field is an essential tool for any musician who wants to deepen their knowledge of harmony and composition. It provides a clear and logical structure for the creation of chords and progressions, allowing for greater fluidity and coherence in compositions. Whether you are a composer, an instrumentalist, or a music student, mastering the harmonic field is a fundamental step to enhance your musical skills and explore new creative possibilities.